Legacies of Redlining: Online Resources
Comments Off on Legacies of Redlining: Online ResourcesThe Legacies of Redlining: Preservation and Development is a series of roundtables presented in partnership with AIANY Planning & Urban Design Committee, AIANY Historic Buildings Committee, and the Historic Districts Council, and part of Open House New York’s multi-year program series Building Capital: The Value of Place.
We have compiled a list of maps, reports, exhibitions, and other online resources about the historical context and continued effects of redlining in New York City on economic development, investment, urban renewal, housing, historic preservation, and cultural heritage preservation initiatives past and present. The list will be updated as the series continues. This is intended to be a starting point rather than an exhaustive guide, and we encourage you to seek out and engage with materials beyond this list.
Maps
- The University of Richmond’s Mapping Inequality project has digitized the 1930s Home Owners’ Loan Corporation neighborhood maps and made them available for download.
- This map created by the NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission displays all designated Individual, Interior and Scenic Landmarks, as well as Historic Districts, in all five boroughs.
- The Department of City Planning maintains a map of NYC’s zoning and land use with a number of interactive elements and overlays including historic districts, environmental designations, transit zones, and mandatory inclusionary housing areas.
Scholarship
- Undesign the Redline is an ongoing exhibition produced by Designing the We providing an interactive look into the history and legacy of redlining.
- The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago studied the effects of the redlining maps on the long-run trajectories of neighborhoods and found that the maps had meaningful and lasting effects on development through reduced credit access and disinvestment. The Effects of the 1930s HOLC “Redlining” Maps (Working Papers No. 2017-12, revised August 2020).
- Katlyn Foster’s paper, Redlining History: The Geographies of Historic Preservation (Columbia University Master’s Thesis, April 2021) looks at the socioeconomic impact of the confluence of formerly redlined neighborhoods and designated historic districts.
- This Pratt Institute research guide, Black Built Environment: Race and Architecture in America, lists extensive online and library resources on redlining, segregation, and urban renewal, particularly in Harlem. Created by librarian Carol Choi.
- Rebekah J. Walker and Jennifer A. Campbell’s article, Modern Day Consequences of Historic Redlining: Finding a Path Forward (Journal of General Internal Medicine, Feb. 2023), outlines the continuing impacts of redlining at both the societal and individual health levels and suggests some promising initiatives to address these impacts.
Case Studies
Manhattan
- Lincoln Center’s Legacies of San Juan Hill project collects articles, videos, photos, and other resources documenting that vibrant community.
- The community engagement process conducted in the Seward Park Urban Renewal Area resulted in a report on the community’s vision for the site.
Staten Island
- Melissa Checker’s paper, Green is the New Brown: “Old School Toxics” and Environmental Gentrification on a New York City Waterfront (2015), explores the competing priorities and initiatives undertaken by the Bloomberg administration, local residents, and environmental activists in Staten Island’s North Shore in the years leading up to Hurricane Sandy in 2012.
- Patrick Nugent’s paper, The Urban Environmental Order: Planning & Politics on Staten Island, 1945-1984 (PhD diss. George Washington University, 2016), tracks the shift in planning priorities from densification and diversification to ecological renewal and conservation during those years. This study was the winner of the John Reps Dissertation Prize given by the American Society for City and Regional Planning History in 2017.
- Patrick Nugent also wrote a follow-up paper, “From the Richmond Parkway to the Staten Island Greenbelt: The Rise of Ecological Zoning in New York City.” Journal of Planning History, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 139-161 (2017). This article is free to read via the New York Public Library’s research catalog (library card login required).
- Jeffrey Kroessler studied the history and results of the Lindsay administration’s attempt to implement a master plan for South Richmond in his article “The Limits of Liberal Planning: The Lindsay Administration’s Failed Plan to Control Development on Staten Island.” Journal of Planning History, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 263-284 (2017). This article is free to read via the New York Public Library’s research catalog (library card login required).
- Helen Mahan’s article, “Fulfilling the Promise of ‘Parks to People’ in a Changing Environment: The Gateway National Recreation Area Experience” (The George Wright Forum, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 51-58 (2015)) discusses the park’s approach to preservation of its historic structures before and after Hurricane Sandy and changes to federal policies on recovery funding. This article is free to read via JSTOR (library card login required).
- The U.S. Geological Survey’s 2005 Coastal Vulnerability Assessment of Gateway National Recreation Area to Sea-Level Rise is a prescient analysis of flood impacts in Staten Island and Queens.
NYC Data Analysis
- NYU Furman Center’s white paper, Fifty Years of Historic Preservation in New York City (2016), reviews the history of NYC’s Landmarks Preservation Law and presents data on the characteristics of property, population, and commercial activity within historic districts as compared to nearby districts outside of the historic designation.
- The NYC Comptroller’s Office produced a report analyzing the racial wealth gap in New York in December 2023, in conjunction with the state legislature’s establishment of a commission that will investigate reparations.
- In 2023, NYC’s Department of Health & Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) published a data story that identifies redlining as a significant and lasting contributor to racial wealth gaps and suggests that these practices have also resulted in health inequities. The full report: Analyzing the Racial Wealth Gap and Implications for Health Equity
Legacies of Redlining: Preservation and Development Series
- Redlines and Green Zones: Reassessing the Redline Maps (January 18, 2023). Recording available
- Legacies of Redlining: Preservation and Development in Manhattan (March 27, 2024). View program description and speaker biographies
- Legacies of Redlining: Preservation and Development in Staten Island (July 16, 2024). View program description and speaker biographies.
- Provide feedback, raise questions, or make suggestions for further development of this series via this form.
Last updated July 12, 2024.